Philosophical Inquiry is the most important cultural newspaper in Lodamun, bringing to surface ideas and thinkersEdward Thall writes "Essay on Nature" and "Paganism: essence and belief"Edward Thall, the prolific figure, an ardent Ethicist and close friend of Nataniel Pop, as well orchestrator of the military war plans and modernization has as well put his candidacy for presidency with his new impressive works on econationalism and theology. Starting of simple, he wrote "Essay on Nature in 4914, a book that has reinforced environmentalism and hopes to reinforce ecosocialism and nationalism as well through it across the planet, and now in 4915, he published "Paganism: essence and belief", under which he discusses general theological arguments, improving Pop's view and arguing for wrongs found in Hosian theology.
Starting of, he writes in "Essay on Nature" that as first off, it is vital to protect environment as part of preventing human collapse and the destruction of this beautiful planet we call Terran, showing that pollution is taking it's toll on people and fellow animate beings, suggesting environmentalism as first step. Then he goes again with more detail over how ethics play an important role, since in his view, the resources are highly limited and that pollution is made by everyone in varying degrees, arguing as such for socialism, for the main reasons:
First off, it is unfair that at the amount of limited resources that they be reserved for some, especially if you work and get less than the rest, saying that since they are limited and an environmentalist pursuit will constraint the poor into more poverty in a capitalist society, to ensure a fair transition to a more ecofriendly society we need to ensure that the resources we use serve as much as many people as possible. The second point comes similar, realizing that pollution is done by everyone in varying degrees, when trying to limit pollution, it would be unfair if everyone would be constrained the same amount, as such under a capitalist society, the poorer members would suffer most, again. To fix this, a socialist society will ensure that everyone can consume and thus pollute in fair amounts, so poor people do not have to stop consuming literally anything so the rich can afford their lavish lifestyle. This was applied internationally as well as an example under which richer nations help poorer develop and become green, while themselves limit pollution and incoherent consumption of goods.
This, alongside establishment of econationalism, as linking national pride and ecofriendliness as similar and a great step toward a better society, as being proud of your nation is linked toward being proud of saving humanity, and thus improving effort to be nationalist and environmentalist, calling all nationalists to support environmentalism as a sign of superiority and solution to the ongoing crisis. This new thought was called by many Thallism and it is basically ecosocialism with nationalist characters, or left-winged econationalism.
While Thallism seems success among Ethicists, his views on religion are bit different and quite interesting via his remarks done to both Pop's thought and in general. First off, he criticizes the point made by Pop that talking theology is just fighting to name with a specific word the divinity, which has inspired Justin Baar's philosophy, but instead calls that while all divinities in all religions are related to the concept of "Divine" or "Almighty", the concepts, or elements themselves can be too split in more, without a true stop to ultimate ideals, a stark departure from classical Ethicism and into a more interesting Ethicism that revolves around the fact that the world of ideas is still stable as such and still able to achieve the ultimate Truth, although some see it as a fragile.
Thus theology debates are worth pursuing, concluding that as such we may arrive to the truth. To the new ideas floating around that the intention is all it matters and not the results or variants of the intentions, such as the belief morality is all it matters, and not values, or believing in Divine and not to who they pray, Thall has fiercely argued against such praxis and mentality, arguing instead that we should see what are the best ways to do things as well, based on results, which are indefinitely tied to how we practice something, returning thus to a somewhat pragmatic approach, more religious charged and as staunch against Baar's vision.
Even if divinations are different from culture to culture, and that they are impure, since a mix of human symbolism and spiritual exist, this link offers us answers, since divinations do have part spiritual world in them, but of course this is highly criticized by perennialists who believe it is impossible to comprehend the Divine in it's full beauty and divinations are proof of the need of Divine to take a humane shape or something related to our world in order for us to even observe the outer world. Other idea espoused by Thall is related to Baar's idea on why we search Identity, adding that humans can
create it, and thus resulting cultural life, like art or tradition, or can
seek it, like in religion or philosophy. Often we admire the true Universal before us, the a priori and not the artificial posteriori made by us, thus often the Posteriori, like culture is linked to the A priori beliefs, such as religious beliefs or metaphysical viewpoints. Culture then does not become accidental anymore, but follows a pattern, attached to the ultimate Truth, making it possible in itself a form of divination.
Some Thall's close disciples even went as such to claim that this whole world is a divination, a combination of a superior world and an inferior one, under the only place where proper sensible shapes take form is in our world, which is the result of contacts between the above and the below, who in own form are only forces or incoherent shapes. Worldism has showed some progress, but largely seen as exaggerating and highly theoretical only.
Lastly, Thall's critique goes against elitist rightist esoteric paganism, claiming that the pagan and occult movements are inherently leftist or egalitarian, that the esoteric, mystical and racist views are unfounded and take something from esoterism and misapply onto real life. While religion is the source of Truth in Thall's vision, it is grave to assume that mysticism is the basis of knowledge, believing in divination as that source of Truth instead.
[Edward Thall]
"Memoirs" bring stir in epistemologyA less known personality in philosophy, Makis Aronsfeld, important occultist though has laid down his Memoirs, alongside Grimoires, noting down his own ideas over epistemology and the role of feelings, particularly "trust" in a metaphysical system and determining best axioms to start building theory on. It has stirred the "pot" thanks to the new paradigm and important message that all axioms have a feeling based argument, that when we seek the Truth, we seek certainty, and as such, we guide ourselves ultimately with the feeling of security, and not with Rationality.
With skepticism being a mere product of feelings, it leaves philosophy in an unsafe spot as mere having distrust, but that is not the point of Makis. He thinks that nihilism in epistemology and radical skepticism are self defeating, even if probably correct, as he believes that we should not let feelings completely overran our potential of rationalizing, nor we should believe everything. A grain of distrust in order to fortify beliefs and show that they can be defended is needed. For to reach to Truth, we may not know if we do, but we cannot reach it for sure if we let emotions push us into radical skepticism, thus ruining any chance at winning. It was traced to the "Image of the Bridge passing", an example under which he said:
"Imagine a man trying to pass a bridge over the other side. Though the bridge at closer look has some broken ledges and it looks quite old. The man can question it's safety all day, even concluding that is unsure to try, but reaching to conclusion that we should not try the bridge is self defeating and leaves the man on the wrong side of the river. If the man tries to pass, he may of course fall, but he cannot be sure until he tries out and win. No risk, no win, that's how they say it"
His ideas are having an important impact, putting philosophy in a defensive position and forcing skepticists into uncomfortable positions.
[Makis Aronsfield at 56]
"Liberty, an ideal in modern society?" strikes controversy, thanks to Li GuoLi Guo, a controversial figure in politics, despite his minor job as regional council member, he has laid down new ideas on liberty as a value worth pursuing. His first theory revolves around the fact that technological advancement stifles and increases freedom, an eternal paradox for Guo. With new technologies, starting from beginning of human kind, it allowed us more and more, from fire to wheel, to electricity and vehicles, we can do more and more with the new technologies we create, for once reaching another planet. But as well, with increasing power, comes great responsibility, thus over time, more control is needed as more technology allows us to magnify effects of our actions. Basing himself of the theory of Gabai Reinhartz on power, corruption and human nature, he concluded that technology will force us to greater authority and self control, since responsibility is not always respected and mistakes that once were small ,now could end the whole race. While he also acknowledges that greater authority leads to greater corruption, he also thinks that technology is dangerous in the wrong hands, leading to a paradox, in which first people had maximum amount of theoretical freedoms and autonomy, but the least technological empowerment to pursuit them, nowadays we are heading toward having lot of potential freedom given by technology, but we are restraint more and more, regulated and such. For him, the end is inevitable: either we die thanks to technology being mishandled, since we get too much freedom of action, either we end at the hands of technology or those trying to regulate us too much.
The chart below presents his ideas very well as a summary:
Red means the maximum potential freedom, in concordance with technologyBlue means the maximum freedom offered by technological empowermentGrey means the maximum allowed freedom to float around, taking red and blue lines into considerationSecond controversial point, it is over meritocracy vs democracy, where he again reiterates that full democracy would fail and result into chaos and mismanagement, as well mob rule. While a full meritocratic or oligarchic society would lead to inevitable degradation, as such a democracy with strong values, such as meritocracy would be ideal, however that can be achieved only through Gabai's vision from which Li Guo inspires from, meaning that decentralizing, enforcing transparency and especially having an enlightened local populace that involves itself into politics, as bureaucracy needs to be made more understandable and the elites ruling ensure to respect the ruled, in a new idea to Gabai's ones. A balance of power between people and the ruling people should exist, enough for the state to exercise it's meritocratic right and help people, but also people be able to remove or hold in check the elites if they derail as they inevitable do.
With this, Li Guo believes in a new way of defining egalitarianism, not as abolishing hierarchies or having everyone as equal, but having all classes compete on same level and thus ensuring nobody breaks the balance and everyone prospers as such. This led to controversy with most political sides and shows the more radical nature of Reinhartz' thought and school.
Poem "Helion" wrote by Achim BehrAchim Behr is the man behind the strong social and medical welfare programs that have raised many from absolute poverty and orchestrated many of projects of revitalizing local drug industry and offer best beds, medical equipment and give young doctors a career they would perform not only for money but with love. He is Behr, the man behind modern welfare state, but less renown for his somewhat own controversial ideals. While he follows party agenda, personally Behr was amazed of nature, growing in a poor region, in the countryside, owning a small ranch close to a beautiful forest, where he would often meditate and find peace. Soon enough he gained ideas of how Nature plays an important role, and thanks to his personal experience, came to the conclusion that Nature is the true path toward being one with it and access true knowledge, not further away with technology or destroy the environment.
While ideas may be controversial, he stated it is very hard to give up all technology as well that his poem is more of an ideal. Yes, another poet on the national scene, this time with "Helion", an imagined natural paradise that all aspire, starting simple in the first half, describing this Heaven like world, with beautiful soft grass, trees and qualm under "five moons". Then the poem goes more philosophically, starting with the idea of a collective unconscious or similar nature and hopes of all animate objects. Then it goes further and talks sublimely about Darkness as furthering away from this place, ending that humans come from Light, with own destiny to return it, and that being this natural paradise where the man finds his true self, implying that the Light is Nature, while Darkness is anything outside it. It is similar to the "Come from nothing, return to nothing" phrase, but rehashed as meaning that we end where we begin, or at least that what should be.
Take me somewhere where
Water is the mirror and the grass is of emeralds
Where I can look to the pink sky and meditate
Oh hills of Elion! The home of the five moons and of the old
Light peeking through the dense forests
Under the five moons,
As trees, humans, animals,
All singing one song,
To which everyone aspire and dream to!
Son of Sun, born in sunshine, steps with fright
On the path to Elion, where the hills dwell
And the grass is soft and of a never ever before seen green,
Praising along the way the Light from which he
Grew, as all life is Order, pitted against the darkness
That spreads around, ready to deceive you!
At the top he will find his truer self,
Where he will be one with the Sun,
Where his destiny led him to,
As humans come from Light and end in Light.[Achim Behr giving a speech]
Article wrote in July 4915